⚠️ Penalty Estimator

Yield Maintenance Calculator

Estimate your prepayment penalty before refinancing or selling. Understand the true cost of exiting your commercial loan early and compare penalty structures.

1–5%
Typical Penalty Range
Rate Diff
Key Driver
Check First
Before Refi/Sale
📝

Yield Maintenance Calculator

Estimate your prepayment penalty cost

$
%
Your current loan interest rate
#
Months until loan maturity
%
Matching-maturity Treasury yield
Estimated Yield Maintenance Penalty
Penalty as % of Balance
Rate Differential
note rate minus treasury
Remaining Term
Monthly Interest Lost
to the lender per month

🔄 Penalty Structure Comparison

Yield Maintenance (this estimate)
Step-Down 5-4-3-2-1% (Year 1)
Flat 1% Prepayment
No Penalty (open prepay)$0
⚠️ Important: This is an estimate. Actual yield maintenance calculations vary by lender and loan document. Some use the greater of the YM formula or 1% of the balance. Defeasance (CMBS) is calculated differently. Always review your loan documents or consult your advisor for exact figures.

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Understanding Prepayment Penalties

Know what you owe before you refinance, sell, or pay off your CRE loan early.

What Is Yield Maintenance?

Yield maintenance compensates the lender for lost interest when you prepay. It calculates the present value of the difference between your note rate and the current Treasury rate for the remaining term. When rates drop, yield maintenance gets expensive because the rate gap widens.

When Is YM Cheapest?

Yield maintenance is cheapest when current Treasury rates are close to or above your note rate (the rate differential shrinks or disappears), or when you are very close to loan maturity (fewer months of lost interest). In a rising rate environment, YM penalties can be near zero.

YM vs Defeasance

Defeasance replaces your loan collateral with Treasury bonds instead of paying a penalty. Common in CMBS loans. It is often more expensive than yield maintenance because of transaction costs (legal, accountant, securities dealer fees). Defeasance can cost $50K–$150K+ in fees alone.

Step-Down vs Flat Penalties

Step-down penalties (e.g., 5-4-3-2-1%) decrease each year and are simpler to calculate. Flat penalties (1–3% of balance) are the most borrower-friendly. When negotiating new loans, the prepayment structure should be a key consideration — our advisors help you get the best terms.

Prepayment Penalty Structures Compared

Different loan types come with different prepayment terms.

StructureTypical CostCommon InBorrower Impact
Yield Maintenance1–5%+ of balanceBank CRE, Life CoExpensive when rates drop
DefeasanceVaries + $50K–$150K feesCMBS, ConduitComplex, can be very costly
Step-Down (5-4-3-2-1)1–5% decliningPortfolio, DSCRPredictable, decreasing
Flat Penalty1–3% of balanceBridge, Some CRESimple, fixed percentage
Lockout PeriodPrepay prohibitedCMBS (first 2–5yr)Cannot exit during lockout
Open Prepay$0Some Bridge, PortfolioMost borrower-friendly

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions about yield maintenance and prepayment penalties.

Know the Cost Before You Exit

Our advisors calculate your exact prepayment penalty, analyze whether refinancing still makes financial sense, and negotiate better terms on your next loan.

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